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Abstract: The Shahed-136, an Iranian-manufactured loitering munition built largely from foam and plywood, has emerged as a very effective weapons system. The Shahed-136 drone has demonstrated that low-cost, mass-produced aerial munitions can systematically overwhelm sophisticated and expensive air defence architectures. Iran’s direct deployment of Shaheds against Israel in 2025, followed by Russia’s relentless campaign averaging Read more →
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Abstract: Since the 2023 Vilnius Summit, NATO has recognised industrial capacity as a core element of deterrence. The Alliance has endorsed the Defence Production Action Plan, adopted the Industrial Capacity Expansion Pledge, and aligned with parallel US and EU initiatives, the National Defence Industrial Strategy and the Act in Support of Ammunition Production to accelerate Read more →
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Abstract: The 2026 Hormuz Crisis is often misinterpreted as a fraying of Western influence; however, a closer look reveals a calculated recalibration of U.S. power. This article examines Washington’s pivot toward “Strategic Autonomy”, a move that shifts the burden of regional stability onto competitors while insulating Western markets. Problem statement: How can the U.S. redefine Read more →
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Abstract: Modern armed forces face a paradox: the longer peace endures, the less prepared they become for war. This essay develops the concept of military entropy to explain the institutional decay that afflicts militaries during prolonged, unchallenged stability. Using the German Bundeswehr as a contemporary case study and the Prussian defeat of 1806 as a Read more →
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Abstract: The Middle East, until recently under predominant U.S. influence, is witnessing the gradual expansion of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) strategic footprint. Beijing emphasises economic statecraft, infrastructure diplomacy, and energy interdependence, while increasingly engaging in regional mediation, most notably between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Through investments in ports, industrial zones, and strategic maritime Read more →
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Abstract: Technological acceleration is changing how crises unfold between nuclear-armed adversaries. In South Asia, India and Pakistan have fought an escalating series of confrontations—2016, 2019, and 2025—that move faster, involve more domains, and leave less room for diplomacy than classical deterrence theory predicts. This essay introduces the concept of systemic compression: a structural condition in Read more →
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Bruce Hoffman, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998). pp. 320. There are books that describe the world, and books that predict it. Bruce Hoffman’s Inside Terrorism, published in 1998, belongs emphatically to the second category. He argued that the dominant threat to global security was shifting toward religiously motivated actors for whom violence was a Read more →
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Abstract: Extended Reality (XR) is increasingly used for training in military and emergency response contexts, yet its pedagogical application to high-risk and cognitively demanding environments remains underdeveloped. This paper argues that XR’s primary value lies in its ability to regulate cognitive load through staged, elemental training rather than holistic simulation. Problem statement: How can Extended Read more →
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Abstract: Ever since the war in Iran erupted early in 2026, much of the world’s attention has been fixated on the Middle East. North Korea is no exception. It will likely be closely monitoring the conflict to extract lessons on regime survival, deterrence, and how to survive a multi-front war involving the United States. While Read more →
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Abstract: Communicative interoperability is vital in multinational coalition warfare. While current Extended Reality (XR) systems excel in procedural motor training, this study proposes developing the KMA-XR-AI system to expand this scope to the communicative ‘fog of war.’ The system is intended to synergise multimodal sensing with adaptive AI to complement traditional XR capabilities. By fusing Read more →
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