English Articles
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The Future Challenges And Solutions Of Cybersecurity In Modern Societies
Abstract: Critical communication faces new challenges in terms of cybersecurity in the future. Lessons from Ukraine need to be understood and incorporated to better prepare modern societies. The rapid advancement of technology provides new solutions but also introduces more challenges. Being able to upgrade or adapt old systems to new technology rather than replace them… Read More
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Cybersecurity, Ethical Governance, And The Risks Of AI Integration In Countering Hybrid Threats
Abstract: The article contends that security is now defined as much by protecting cognition as by defending machines or borders, with hybrid threats targeting both technological systems and human perception through advanced AI, deepfakes, and automated manipulation tools. As AI becomes integral to defence, the article emphasises the necessity of rigorous, ethical governance guided by… Read More
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Applying The OODA Loop to Strategic Decision-Making in Business
Abstract: Strategic decision-making in business is increasingly challenged by volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments. Military strategy offers frameworks for effective decision-making under maximum pressure. One of the most prominent models is John Boyd’s OODA loop. While widely applied in military and some civilian contexts, its transfer into business strategy remains underdeveloped. This paper shows… Read More
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AI In Cyber And The UN’s Role In Competitive Global Disorder
Abstract: AI systems have transformed cyber defence by enabling self-protecting, self-healing, and predictive defence systems, but they also transform cyberattacks by opening new attack vectors and supporting advanced cyber offensive capabilities. This article examines how AI is leveraged in cyberattacks and operations, with selected examples of the “big four” states adversarial to the Western alliances—China,… Read More
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Defining Cognitive Warfare: Maximalist versus Minimalist Approaches
Abstract: Given the relevance, evolution, and proliferation of cognitive warfare in the modern age, it is necessary to delve deeper into the concept to gain an empirical understanding that can inform future policies and practices. Accordingly, a systematic literature review was carried out to define the concept in relation to six key aspects, namely its… Read More
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Strategic Relevance Of Maritime Chokepoints For Global Trade
Abstract: Maritime chokepoints are central to NATO’s collective defence and economic stability, yet their strategic implications are often underexamined in alliance planning. This article evaluates the enduring and emerging significance of key global chokepoints through historical case studies and contemporary disruptions. It assesses how control, instability, or denial at these points shape NATO’s ability to… Read More
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The Future Of Maritime Interactions In The Age of AI
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is transforming warfare on land, in the air, and above all—for this paper—at sea. AI is not only enhancing non-kinetic dimensions, such as information dominance, cyber operations, and decision-making processes, but is also amplifying the effectiveness of kinetic means. Recent conflicts have demonstrated how AI-enabled systems are used to deter, degrade, and… Read More
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Deterrence And The Need For Strategic Culture In Germany At The Heart Of Europe
Abstract: This essay examines Germany’s lack of strategic culture and its implications for deterrence and security policy. Written in the aftermath of the MSC 2025 and the context of growing geopolitical instability, it highlights how Europe’s reliance on the United States, combined with a weak defence mindset, undermines the ability to deter adversaries. The analysis… Read More
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Technical, Organisational, And Strategic Dimensions In Defence-Critical Contexts
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is transforming the functioning and interaction of weapon systems and changing how battles are fought. That said, there are still many unresolved questions regarding the safety and security of AI systems. The core concern is that military organisations must adopt a multifaceted approach to effectively manage AI-associated risks, combining technical measures with… Read More
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Navigating Contemporary Hydropolitics
Abstract: The vested economic interests of some riparian states have led them to usurp transboundary water resources at the expense of others, culminating in tensions and even hydro-wars. A multiplicity of strategies has been employed to manage these water disputes: International Water Agreements (IWAs), Integrated Water Management (IWM) and Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms. Despite… Read More
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