Articles
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AI-Enabled Cyberspace Operations
Abstract: Artificial intelligence is reshaping the offence–defence balance in cyberspace. Drawing on recent cases (PromptLock ransomware, Auto-Exploit pipelines, and the Air Force’s DASH wargame) and a systematic review of academic articles, this study examines how AI alters tempo, cost, and thresholds in cyberspace operations. Findings show that AI accelerates offensive exploitation, enables polymorphism, and lowers Read more →
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The Future Challenges And Solutions Of Cybersecurity In Modern Societies
Abstract: Critical communication faces new challenges in terms of cybersecurity in the future. Lessons from Ukraine need to be understood and incorporated to better prepare modern societies. The rapid advancement of technology provides new solutions but also introduces more challenges. Being able to upgrade or adapt old systems to new technology rather than replace them Read more →
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Cybersecurity, Ethical Governance, And The Risks Of AI Integration In Countering Hybrid Threats
Abstract: The article contends that security is now defined as much by protecting cognition as by defending machines or borders, with hybrid threats targeting both technological systems and human perception through advanced AI, deepfakes, and automated manipulation tools. As AI becomes integral to defence, the article emphasises the necessity of rigorous, ethical governance guided by Read more →
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AI In Cyber And The UN’s Role In Competitive Global Disorder
Abstract: AI systems have transformed cyber defence by enabling self-protecting, self-healing, and predictive defence systems, but they also transform cyberattacks by opening new attack vectors and supporting advanced cyber offensive capabilities. This article examines how AI is leveraged in cyberattacks and operations, with selected examples of the “big four” states adversarial to the Western alliances—China, Read more →
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Uniforms and Oaths: Tragedy In The Taiwan Strait
Abstract: The August 29, 2025, verbal clash between Taiwanese and Chinese pilots above the Taiwan Strait captured in miniature the broader geopolitical drama. A simple taunt about freedom and a crude threat of annihilation revealed how uniforms and oaths carry symbolic weight that transcends tactics. Taiwan’s pilots embody democratic resilience, swearing loyalty to their Constitution Read more →
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Challenges And Opportunities In A Dynamic Cyber/Hybrid Landscape
Abstract: The cyber threat landscape has grown in scale, sophistication and complexity due to advancements in AI. This evolution can be observed across multiple threat vectors, including cyber-enabled fraud, supply chain attacks, malicious insiders, and disinformation. To fully assess their impact, it is essential to consider their synergistic effects. Meanwhile, the opportunities in cybersecurity are Read more →
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Defining Cognitive Warfare: Maximalist versus Minimalist Approaches
Abstract: Given the relevance, evolution, and proliferation of cognitive warfare in the modern age, it is necessary to delve deeper into the concept to gain an empirical understanding that can inform future policies and practices. Accordingly, a systematic literature review was carried out to define the concept in relation to six key aspects, namely its Read more →
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Strategic Relevance Of Maritime Chokepoints For Global Trade
Abstract: Maritime chokepoints are central to NATO’s collective defence and economic stability, yet their strategic implications are often underexamined in alliance planning. This article evaluates the enduring and emerging significance of key global chokepoints through historical case studies and contemporary disruptions. It assesses how control, instability, or denial at these points shape NATO’s ability to Read more →
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The Future Of Maritime Interactions In The Age of AI
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is transforming warfare on land, in the air, and above all—for this paper—at sea. AI is not only enhancing non-kinetic dimensions, such as information dominance, cyber operations, and decision-making processes, but is also amplifying the effectiveness of kinetic means. Recent conflicts have demonstrated how AI-enabled systems are used to deter, degrade, and Read more →
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Deterrence And The Need For Strategic Culture In Germany At The Heart Of Europe
Abstract: This essay examines Germany’s lack of strategic culture and its implications for deterrence and security policy. Written in the aftermath of the MSC 2025 and the context of growing geopolitical instability, it highlights how Europe’s reliance on the United States, combined with a weak defence mindset, undermines the ability to deter adversaries. The analysis Read more →
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