Articles
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International Breeds International: From Lashkar-E-Taiba’s Underpinnings To Its Operations
Abstract: Contrary to lay misconceptions about its ‘regionality’, this paper uses primary and secondary sources to show that Lashkar-e-Taiba has always had a global agenda that would inevitably lead to international operations—despite its initial focus on Kashmir. Importantly, this agenda is rooted in Hafiz Saeed’s Salafist ideology, including a history that includes international jihadist influences… Read More
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Future Elections and AI-Driven Disinformation
Abstract: This paper conceptualises the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on disinformation campaigns, contrasting AI-driven operations with traditional human-operated methods. Utilising a Human Intelligence Collector Operations (HUMINT) and Offensive Cyberspace Operations (OCO) framework, the research analyses the advancements in AI technology in terms of speed, efficiency, content generation, and adaptability. The findings reveal that AI-driven… Read More
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Nuclear Talk Versus Nuclear Walk: Russia’s Nuclear Strategy
Abstract: Russian President Vladimir Putin’s recent reiteration of the possibility of Russian nuclear weapon deployment has intensified concerns, particularly in the context of the ongoing conflict resulting from Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine over two years ago and the West’s sustained support in question. This article aims to comprehensively analyse Russia’s nuclear threat by examining… Read More
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The Russia-Ukraine Conflict From a Hybrid Warfare Cognitive Perspective
Abstract: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has had major global consequences, ranging from a humanitarian crisis resulting in millions of refugees, to food crises in the Near East and Africa, followed by a worldwide energy crisis with economic shocks triggering geopolitical realignments, ultimately affecting all military domains, including cyberspace. Specifically, since the Russian invasion on 24… Read More
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The Role Of Cyber Security In Cognitive Warfare
Abstract: Cognitive warfare has taken advantage of the 21st century’s technological advances to evolve and alter the way humans think, react, and make decisions. Several stages utilise cyber security technological infrastructure, especially in the initial stages of content creation, amplification and dissemination. In fact, evidence points to the use of cognitive threats as a means… Read More
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Lithium Reserves And India’s Quest For Clean Energy
Abstract: In July 2023, the government of India identified and updated a list of 30 critical and strategic minerals for the country, including Cobalt and Lithium. Besides identification, the Ministry of Mines, along with the Geological Survey of India (GSI), was tasked with exploring mineral reserves nationwide. The projects for such explorations grew to 122… Read More
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New Problems in Hybrid Warfare: Cyber Meets Cognition
Abstract: Hybrid warfare encompasses the area of adversarial relations between war and peace. In this space, questions have emerged about how cyber action, which involves the subversion of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data, intersects with information operations (also known as propaganda or influence). While definitions of these phenomena remain imprecise and emergent, terms such… Read More
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Public Diplomacy or Information Warfare? Russia’s Strategic Communication in Georgia
Abstract: Through its promotion and dissemination of disinformation, Russia’s practice of public diplomacy forms a close nexus with information warfare. While Russia no doubt seeks to win the hearts and minds of foreign state publics, its strategic aim in doing so is not to build sincere two-way cultural bridges but rather to subvert the target… Read More
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AI In Cyber Warfare
Abstract: For contemporary cyberwarfare operations, the integration of artificial intelligence presents both exceptional opportunities and difficult challenges. Following the NotPetya attack, organisations such as CrowdStrike enhanced their threat detection capabilities using AI. CrowdStrike Falcon, an endpoint protection platform, utilises machine learning algorithms to detect and respond to advanced threats in real-time. Furthermore, in the wake… Read More
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Iran: A Full-Scale War Is Unlikely, But ‘Hybrid Conflict’ Set To Escalate
Abstract: The spectre of a U.S.-Iran war is haunting the world. However, it is still less likely than many think. For its part, Tehran is aware that it lacks the military capabilities and financial resources to endure a direct military confrontation with the United States. Engaging in a full-scale war with Iran would also be… Read More
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