Warfare
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Autonomous Weapons and Soldier Morale
Abstract: The emergence of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) represents a clear shift in warfare and raises critical questions about the impact this change will have on soldiers’ morale on a 21st-century battlefield. The complex effects that such technology has on military morale are highlighted through historical parallels to previous, similar military innovations and supplemented by… Read more →
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The Illusion of Transparency: Data vs. Intelligence on the Battlefield
Abstract: Hybrid warfare integrates both military and non-military tactics, leveraging AI, cyberspace, and the information realm as force multipliers. Cyberspace and the information realm serve as a domain and battlefield, while AI accelerates decision-making and disinformation. Modern surveillance fosters a perception of a “transparent battlefield,” yet raw data is not actionable intelligence and understanding adversarial… Read more →
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The Ultimate Human-Machine Fusion?
Abstract: AI-powered autonomous weapons, from advanced drones to robotic soldiers, are reshaping warfare with unmatched speed, precision, and adaptability. Capable of life-and-death decisions, they deliver tactical power and coordination, reducing human risk and amplifying military strength. Intelligent swarming and real-time responses provide a formidable combat edge. However, robust controls are crucial to wield these tools… Read more →
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Additive Manufacturing: A Key Enabler Of Low-Cost Modern Warfare
Abstract: A need for low-cost warfare has emerged from the experiences of several nations in current conflicts. On the one hand, a recent missile and drone attack on Israel was successfully defeated, but at the unsustainable cost of an estimated $1-1.5 billion. Houthi drones, costing $2000 each, were successfully intercepted with Standard Missile-2s (SM-2), which… Read more →
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The WarTech Nexus – Are Military Structures Fit Enough?
Abstract: Military effectiveness hinges on technological innovation and organisational fitness—the ability to adapt, integrate, and exploit new capabilities. While AI, cyber warfare, and autonomous systems are reshaping conflict, rigid hierarchies and cultural resistance hinder their adoption. Bridging the gap between technological potential and institutional readiness requires decentralised decision-making, strategic alignment, and adaptive structures. Public-private partnerships,… Read more →
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1+1 ≠ 2: Digital Friction, Uncertainty, And The Limits Of Technological Determinism
Abstract: Emerging and Disruptive Technologies are fundamentally reshaping modern warfare, creating a paradox where military forces are empowered and constrained by digital advancements. Western militaries, particularly NATO, face growing friction as their force structures struggle to adapt to the constantly evolving Russian way of warfare witnessed in Ukraine. This paper introduces the concept of digital… Read more →
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Space And Electronic Warfare Reimagined
Abstract: The militarisation of space and the rise of AI-driven electronic warfare have created dual frontiers in modern conflict, demanding innovative strategies to ensure operational resilience and sustainability. This caused substantial challenges of orbital congestion, anti-satellite (ASAT) operations, and the evolution of electronic warfare. By integrating concepts such as orbital suppression, stealth technology, and adaptive… Read more →
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Russian Views On The Future Of Manoeuvrist Approach Based On The Lessons Learned From The War In Ukraine
Abstract: In spite of the expectations of Moscow, the war in Ukraine has quickly turned into a war of attrition. Based on open-source military publications, this paper aims to present Russian views on the causes of positional war as well as on the future of manoeuvre warfare. While not questioning the purpose of the war,… Read more →
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The Principles Of Manoeuvrist Approach In Military Leader Development In The Estonian Military Academy
Abstract: The manoeuvrist approach is highly relevant for militaries facing stronger adversaries, and its principles are, therefore, taught in the Estonian Military Academy. For evaluating the effectiveness of teaching methodology and its outcomes, essential maneuverist principles were identified, and their prominence was determined by analysing interviews with the lecturers and, thereafter, student’s written assignments. The… Read more →
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Rethinking Cyber War: A Critical Analysis of Thomas Rid
Abstract: This critical analysis evaluates Thomas Rid’s thesis in “Cyber War Will Not Take Place,” which argues that cyber operations do not fulfil Clausewitzian criteria for war. It supports Rid’s overall assertion while exploring nuances and limitations in his argument. Despite the compelling nature of Rid’s claim that cyber war as a standalone phenomenon is… Read more →
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