Military
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Emerging Technologies And The Enduring Principles Of War In European Officer Education
Abstract: While emerging technologies are transforming the character of war and officer education, the core principles of war remain constant. Focusing on European military academies, AI-enabled decision support systems, unmanned platforms, and cyber capabilities can be integrated into the basic education of future officers. These tools will reshape the teaching of the enduring principles of Read More
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How The Baltic Nations Are Preparing A Multilayered Defence To Russian Aggression
Abstract: The 2014 and 2022 invasions of Ukraine by Russia have forced many European nations, especially the Baltic nations of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, to reconsider their military defences, grey zone security measures, and civil preparedness in response to wide-ranging Russian threats. The Baltic nations have increased defence spending and capabilities, worked in the grey Read More
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Designing A Generative AI Platform For Tactical Training Of Junior Officers
Abstract: Tactical decision-making lies at the core of officer education, yet current training methods remain constrained by structural and pedagogical limitations. Traditional wargames offer valuable experience but are organisationally difficult, time-intensive, and often emphasise flows of play over cognitive decision-making. Tactical Decision Games (TDGs) partially address this gap, but their effectiveness is limited by instructor Read More
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Embracing Emerging Tech To Educate Tomorrow’s Officers
Abstract: Cognitive warfare targets perception and decision-making, yet officer training lacks the operational constructs that structure kinetic or cyber operations. This doctrinal gap leads to fragmented detection, weak attribution, and curricula that prioritise procedural certainty over adaptive judgment in the face of ambiguity. This article introduces the Cognitive Defence Cycle (CDC), an operational model mapping Read More
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Analysis Of Shahed Drones From Ukraine To The Middle East
Abstract: The Shahed-136, an Iranian-manufactured loitering munition built largely from foam and plywood, has emerged as a very effective weapons system. The Shahed-136 drone has demonstrated that low-cost, mass-produced aerial munitions can systematically overwhelm sophisticated and expensive air defence architectures. Iran’s direct deployment of Shaheds against Israel in 2025, followed by Russia’s relentless campaign averaging Read More
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Call for Papers – Triumphing over the Terminator: Leaders, Algorithms, and War: Command in the Era of Autonomous Systems
The Theresan Military Academy of the Austrian Armed Forces and the Defence Horizon Journal invite submissions for the Theresan Military Academic Forum (TMAF) 2027. The theme of TMAF 2027 is “Leaders, Algorithms, and War: Command in the Era of Autonomous Systems.” As military training and education evolves in response to the demands of the twenty-first Read More
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NATO, Industrial Resilience, And Battlefield Transparency
Abstract: Since the 2023 Vilnius Summit, NATO has recognised industrial capacity as a core element of deterrence. The Alliance has endorsed the Defence Production Action Plan, adopted the Industrial Capacity Expansion Pledge, and aligned with parallel US and EU initiatives, the National Defence Industrial Strategy and the Act in Support of Ammunition Production to accelerate Read More
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On Rebooting An Army: Part II/II
Abstract: Modern armed forces face a paradox: the longer peace endures, the less prepared they become for war. This essay develops the concept of military entropy to explain the institutional decay that afflicts militaries during prolonged, unchallenged stability. Using the German Bundeswehr as a contemporary case study and the Prussian defeat of 1806 as a Read More
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Framework And Elemental Training Approaches For Military Operations
Abstract: Extended Reality (XR) is increasingly used for training in military and emergency response contexts, yet its pedagogical application to high-risk and cognitively demanding environments remains underdeveloped. This paper argues that XR’s primary value lies in its ability to regulate cognitive load through staged, elemental training rather than holistic simulation. Problem statement: How can Extended Read More
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Enhancing Communicative Skills For Combined Operations Through A Multimodal XR-AI Training System
Abstract: Communicative interoperability is vital in multinational coalition warfare. While current Extended Reality (XR) systems excel in procedural motor training, this study proposes developing the KMA-XR-AI system to expand this scope to the communicative ‘fog of war.’ The system is intended to synergise multimodal sensing with adaptive AI to complement traditional XR capabilities. By fusing Read More
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