Military
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Why Missile Defence Now Depends On Resilient Sensors And Command Networks
Abstract: Missile defence credibility is still judged largely through interceptor speed, range, accuracy, and probability of engagement. Those measures capture only the final action within a longer defensive pathway. Contemporary threats compress warning time, combine dissimilar trajectories, manipulate the information environment, and target networks connecting detection with command. This article develops a continuity-threshold framework for… Read More
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AI-Driven Support For Military Training Documentation Design
Abstract: Military documentation plays a central role in training and operational practice, yet its quality is rarely evaluated from the perspective of actual use. Documents tend to prioritise completeness and regulatory compliance over clarity. This results in materials that are information dense, cognitively demanding, and prone to misinterpretation, particularly under time pressure. This article proposes… Read More
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Seabed Warfare And The Transformation Of Maritime Order
Abstract: Seabed warfare is transforming maritime strategy by shifting competition from platforms and manoeuvre toward infrastructure, connectivity, and persistent monitoring, influence and selective control over the benthic domain. Growing dependence on critical undersea infrastructure, combined with advances in autonomous systems and distributed sensing, is turning the seabed into an active and contested battlespace. This article… Read More
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The Governance Of AI-Driven Systems For The Military
Abstract: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military domains, particularly in Lethal Autonomous Weapons, raises significant ethical and legal concerns in a contested and incomplete normative framework. This paper critically examines these challenges to assess the adequacy of existing legal norms and ethical frameworks governing the deployment of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems. The paper… Read More
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Integration Of Generative Artificial Intelligence In Military Training
Abstract: The integration of generative artificial intelligence into officer education represents a significant innovation that challenges doctrines, practices, and pedagogical strategies. At the same time, it demands a balance between the potential of generative artificial intelligence and the cadets’ autonomy to critically analyse and correlate the knowledge transmitted. In this exploratory-descriptive study, a questionnaire was… Read More
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Operational Art In The Digital Age
Abstract: Beyond their socio-economic implications, disruptive technologies influence all instruments of state power, especially the military. Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and autonomous systems are transforming traditional ways of thinking, leadership concepts, and processes, necessitating new approaches to prepare military decision-makers at all levels of command for a complex, technology-driven environment. This article explores… Read More
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Cost Asymmetry And Escalation Dynamics: Extending Deterrence Theory For The Drone Age
Abstract: Growing economic asymmetry between inexpensive offensive systems and costly defensive architectures is reshaping escalation dynamics in contemporary warfare. Focusing on the period from 2022 to the present, the analysis examines case studies from the Russia-Ukraine war, Iran’s regional strategy in the Middle East, and recent India-Pakistan crises in South Asia. Drawing on insights from… Read More
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Drone Warfare And Officer Training: Lessons From The War In Ukraine
Abstract: The war in Ukraine demonstrates that drone warfare is a potential catalyst for profound transformation. Unmanned aerial systems have reshaped battlefield awareness, accelerated decision-making, and redistributed authority to lower tactical levels. This shift challenges traditional hierarchical command structures and exposes tensions between doctrine and operational reality within NATO and EU armed forces. Despite ongoing… Read More
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The Emerging Logic Of Prolonged And Indeterminate War
Abstract: An increasing number of contemporary conflicts appear to resist decisive resolution under specific structural conditions. This argument does not suggest that all wars follow the same trajectory. Rather, it identifies specific structural configurations under which decisive outcomes become less likely. For the purposes of this article, “strategic closure” refers to the production of a… Read More
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Are You REDy? Using Red AI Tactics And The Defence Metaverse To Augment Future Force Design
Abstract: Force designers face demanding methodological challenges when considering how best to adapt concepts, successfully adopt new technologies, and overhaul existing structures and processes amid a fundamentally changing geostrategic environment. The Defence Metaverse, an ultra-realistic virtual twin of the battlefield, and powerful new red AI tactics offer sovereign European solutions to tackle these challenges by… Read More
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